AL enmaa company

First things first: What are solar panels?!

Solar panels are a group of solar cells (PV cells) connected together within a single frame, and they are connected in parallel and in series, as they work to convert the light falling from the sun's rays into a voltage difference, which in turn causes an electric current to pass in the wires, and when a group of solar panels are grouped together in a larger frame, it is called in such a case a "solar panel array", and for information, the term (PV) is an abbreviation for photovoltaic: PhotoVoltaic, which refers to the way the cells inside solar panels work.

II: Types of Solar Plants

Off-Grid

• This type of solar power plantis the perfect solution where there is no electricity grid.
• This type of plant is not connected to the public electricity grid, and therefore it does not sell the electricity generated from it to distribution companies, making it one of those plants that provide a backup power source for companies that are keen to maintain an alternative power source to ensure that the wheel of production continues without stopping, such as oil companies, hotel resorts, hospitals, schools, and farms.

This system provides alternative energy for use during daytime periods away from consumption from the national grid.

Hybrid terminal

This type of station is connected to the customer's internal network and is characterized by its ability to generate electricity during periods of power outages from the public grid, if a power outage occurs in the morning, this system provides alternative energy through its own solar panels directly, while if a power outage occurs at night, it provides alternative energy through solar batteries connected to it with different storage capacities that are determined according to the customer's desire, as the source of operation and charging is linked to many sources (solar energy, national electricity, generators).

Grid-connected plant with net metering

This type of plant is connected to the public power grid and provides a mechanism for the exchange of electrical energy between the facility (home, business, farm, etc.) and the main power grid.

 In particular, this mechanism allows surplus electricity production to be exported to the grid (solar system peak hours during the day) and in return electricity can be withdrawn from the grid when needed (solar system off-peak hours at night).�

With an appropriately sized CSP system, enough electricity can be produced to cover the facility's needs day and night throughout the year (on average).�

Thus, the net metering principle is to connect the installed solar PV system to the main power grid and use the grid as a large battery.

The principle of action:

• The facility's energy consumption is prioritized by the energy produced by the solar panels, and when there is a surplus to the load, the excess energy produced is transferred to the main power grid.
• If the power provided by the solar panels is insufficient to feed the load or is not available due to the absence of solar radiation (e.g. at night), the facility is fed by power coming from the main electrical grid.
• The process of transferring electrical energy from the solar panel system to the public electric grid and vice versa offers the project owner a great opportunity to save on the electricity bill, as the value of the energy transferred from the solar panels to the public electric grid is calculated as a discount on the bill.

Many Arab countries have started to implement net metering and are seeking to encourage consumers to install net metering systems.

This system is one of the best in the solar industry.

Finally: How do we install solar panels?!

• The best place to install solar panels is on the roof of the building, away from the shadow of residential buildings or trees near the house or facility where the solar cells are to be installed.
• Then choose the direction and angle of the solar plant, knowing that in most regions of the Arab world, which are mainly located north of the equator, it is preferable to point the solar cells towards the sun to the south.

• Choosing the angle of inclination of the solar panel depends a lot on the latitude we are in, as well as the season of the year, and the angle of inclination can be calculated according to the season of the year�
• Choosing the right and qualified company to connect to the public electricity grid.